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Abutilon grandifolium

(Willd.) Sweet (1826)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Malvales Family: Malvaceae Genus: Abutilon

hairy abutilon, ma‘o [mao], royal ‘ilima [royal ilima]

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs 1–2(–3) m tall.

Stems: Stems stellate tomentose and pubescent with spreading, shiny, simple hairs upto 5 mm long.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades ovate to orbicular, 8–15(–22) cm long. Apex acuminate. Base deeply cordate with lobes often overlapping. Surfaces covered with stellate hairs. Margins dentate. Petioles 5–10(–15)cm long; stellate tomentose and pubescent with spreading, shiny, simple hairs up to 5 mm long. Stipules usually present.

Flowers: Flowers solitary or 2–6 in naked cymes, exceeding the leaves; peduncles and pedicels up to 10 cm long, articulate, pedicels stellate tomentose and pubescent with spreading, shiny, simple hairs up to 5 mm long, involucel absent. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Calyx 1.1–1.5 cm long at anthesis, campanulate to cup-shaped, sometimes reflexed, 5-lobed to near base, accrescent and loosely surrounding the fruit, lobes valvate in bud. Corolla cup–shaped to subrotate; corolla of 5 petals, obovate, yellow to yellowish orange, 1.2–2(–2.5) cm long, undulate–dentate apically, distinct from each other but adnate at base to staminal column, convolute in bud. Stamens 5 to numerous, monadelphous, forming a staminal column, staminal column 5–8 mm long; filaments terminal; anthers monothecal. Pollen globose, echinate. Ovary superior, (1-)3-celled to many-celled, carpels 5 to numerous, borne in a single whorl or rarely seemingly superposed whorls; ovule placentation axile, each with 2-9 ovules in a vertical row; style exceeding the staminal column; style branches as many as carpels; stigmas maroon, terminal, capitate.

Fruit: Schizocarps; often tardily separating and appearing capsular; dull black; broadly urceolate–truncate;11–14 mm long; yellowish pubescent; mericarps usually 10; thin–walled and somewhat inflated; short–beaked dorso–ventrally; apex blunt; +/- awned; lateral walls usually smooth; loculicidal dehiscence complete or partial. Seeds usually 3–6 per mericarp; blackish; reniform; 2–3 mm long; sparsely pubescent; with or without endosperm.

Ploidy: 2n = 42

Habitat: naturalized in waste areas; fields;and along roadsides; especially in arid regions.

Elevation Range: 0–600(–1,075) m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

  • Yes

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Ni'ihau(Incl. Lehua) Naturalized
Kuaihelani (Midway Atoll) Naturalized
Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Molokai Naturalized
Lana'i Naturalized
Kaho'olawe Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents

Water/Ocean

Pollinators

Notes

  • Description digitized by Ellena
  • First collected on O'ahu in 19O3

Bibliography

Name Published In: Hort. Brit.: 53 (1826)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:872 (Mi, Ni, K, O, Mo, L, M, Ka, H); Staples & Herbst 2005:385 (KEY, DESCR); Wood & LeGrande 2006:24 (Le)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Abutilon grandifolium Kalaupapa-Kalawao Road, near Father Damien's Church at Kalawao Common everywhere along road. Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 3517 Molokai BISH 1960-05-29
2 Abutilon grandifolium Halawa Trail by abandoned overgrown taro patch. Preserved_Specimen 12 Ft. shrubs. St.John, H. 12669 Molokai BISH 1932-12-27
3 Abutilon grandifolium Along road leading to Kaluanui Valley Near old sugar cane field. Preserved_Specimen Weed. Corn, C. Oahu BISH 1978-03-21
4 Abutilon grandifolium Kaalualy Bay near South Point Usually found in shady areas. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 2 m. of more high. Flowers orange. Whistler, W.A. 61 Hawaii BISH 1972-04-06
5 Abutilon grandifolium Kipukai Common on all islands. Flowers opening in afternoon; on slopes above beach. Preserved_Specimen Alexander, A.M. 5342 Kauai BISH 1948-05-03
6 Abutilon grandifolium East Maui, Hana, Wakiu Roadside. Preserved_Specimen Flowers yellow. St.John, H. 17858 Maui BISH 1936-12-30
7 Abutilon grandifolium Kula, near foot of Haleakala Road Common on gently sloping volcanic soil. Preserved_Specimen Shrubs, to 2.5 m. tall, flowers deep orange, slightly flushed with reddish outside; orange center. Fosberg, F.R. 55680 Maui BISH 1975-03-14
8 Abutilon grandifolium Kula Common in pastures and along roadside. Preserved_Specimen Shrub about 8 ft. tall; stems woody below with gray-green bark; flowers yellow-orange. Herbst, D.R. 777 Maui BISH 1967-12-14
9 Abutilon grandifolium Down jeep trail along Makaha Ridge then Malolu Ridge to near end. Through pine grove to a pine grove to a lantana-free gully. Down gully (past Bonamia) to Paaiki Valley, across just beyond [illegible large Kokia stand ... into Mahanaloa Valley Tall, hirsute shrub to 10 feet tall. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 2811 Kauai BISH 1972-10-07
10 Abutilon grandifolium Haleakala Ranch pasture below Upper Kula Road, Kula, west slope of Haleakala Occasional, edge of Acacia thicket in gently sloping pasture land. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 2 m. tall, flowers orange. Fosberg, F.R. 53771 Maui BISH 1971-08-31
11 Abutilon grandifolium Manuwai, 4x4 road on border of private land, Mokuleia Forest Reserve, and Kaala NAR. Partial shade in dry area growing roadside. Associates; Toona ciliata, Megathyrsus maximus, Psidium cattleyanum, Christella parasitica. Preserved_Specimen Flower color yellow orange, stem 1.5 cm dia. at base, 2.5 m tall, hairs persistent on old growth. K. Arthur 186 Oahu BISH 2025-10-10
12 Abutilon grandifolium W Maui, Lahaina District, Lihau Lowland Dry Forest at 1400 ft under an Erythrina canopy on a north slope with Sida, Dodonaea, Myoporum, Leucaena, Diospyros and annual grasses and herbs Preserved_Specimen Welton, P. 1535 Maui BISH 1992-02-15
13 Abutilon grandifolium Along highway between Kailua and Keahole Airport Growing on exposed, arid a`a lava along highway. Common roadside weed. Preserved_Specimen Shrub, about 4 ft. tall, with yellow flowers. Herbst, D.R. 5015 Hawaii BISH 1974-09-16
14 Abutilon grandifolium Waialua, near LDS Church silty loam Preserved_Specimen weedy herb to 6'; large fuzzy leaves, orange ilima like flowers; distinctive 10 parted seed capsule Afualo, D. 53 Oahu BISH 1975-03-16
15 Abutilon grandifolium Behind Polihale Beach Under haole koa at base of cliff between sugar cane and cliff. Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. Kauai BISH 1977-09-24
16 Abutilon grandifolium Hauula dry Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 6057 Oahu BISH 1922-08-16
17 Abutilon grandifolium Kawaihae Road Dry gulch, dry land Preserved_Specimen Flowers yellow. Ewart III, G.R. 351 Hawaii BISH 1934-03-02
18 Abutilon grandifolium Base of Puuanahulu In lama-wiliwili savannah. Preserved_Specimen Engilis Jr., A. 17 Hawaii BISH 1987-08-19
19 Abutilon grandifolium East Maui, 11.5 mi E of Ulupalakua Ranch on Piilani Highway (Highway 31), 1.4 mi W of Manawainui In small canyon grazed by cattle. Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 4759 Maui BISH 1983-01-14
20 Abutilon grandifolium Ridge E of Wahiawa stream fence line Preserved_Specimen subshrub 1 m., flowers yellow St.John, H. 13440 Kauai BISH 1933-12-22
21 Abutilon grandifolium UH Manoa campus, near Dept. of Agric. greenhouses hedge Preserved_Specimen shrub; flowers doubled, petals orange-yellow; capsules common Staples, G.W. 586 Oahu BISH 1990-04-19
22 Abutilon grandifolium Waianae Stream dry wasteland; disturbed; Acacia and Indigofera Preserved_Specimen Lennstrom, H. 199465 Oahu BISH 1994-02-11
23 Abutilon grandifolium Schofield Barracks roadside Preserved_Specimen Bryan Jr., E.H. Oahu BISH 1929-02-10
24 Abutilon grandifolium Waiohookalo Stream Mesic disturbed (primarily guava/ginger) forest, heavily damaged by pigs and goats. Diospyros sandwicensis/Kalanchoe pinnata forest on steep west-facing slopes, occasional Morinda citrifolia and Nestegis. Preserved_Specimen Corolla yellowish orange. Wagner, W.L. 5730 Molokai BISH 1987-07-31
25 Abutilon grandifolium Manoa, UH campus, in quarry Preserved_Specimen Sub-shrub with light green foliage, yellow flowers. Herbst, D.R. 5137 Oahu BISH 1975-01-11
26 Abutilon grandifolium Koolau Rd. near jct. with Hwy 55 between Kilauea and Moloaa Preserved_Specimen 2'; corolla bright orange Flynn, T.W. 1325 Kauai BISH 1985-10-25
27 Abutilon grandifolium Kohala Mts. dry side Preserved_Specimen Krajina, V.J. 620101004 Hawaii BISH 1962-01-01
28 Abutilon grandifolium North Kona, along main road S of Huehue In semicultures. Preserved_Specimen Cranwell, L.M. 3199 Hawaii BISH 1938-04-11
29 Abutilon grandifolium Ololale Ditch Trail, Makaweli, 4 mi below ditch house Preserved_Specimen 2 m shrub St.John, H. 23093 Kauai BISH 1947-12-26
30 Abutilon grandifolium Kanepuu Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 520 Lanai BISH 1930-02-03
31 Abutilon grandifolium Punaluu; Seacoast at Preserved_Specimen Shrubby, 2-3 Ft. tall; flowers orange-yellow. Fagerlund, G.O. 489 Hawaii BISH 1943-03-27
32 Abutilon grandifolium Kalaupapa; airport, oceanview pavilion Preserved_Specimen shrub Wysong, M.L. 426 Molokai BISH 2004-11-11
33 Abutilon grandifolium Puuwaawaa; open rangeland with native canopy relicts. Near the SE corner of the 1986 burn Preserved_Specimen Common shrub of open areas. Takeuchi, W.N. 5786 Hawaii BISH 1989-05-01
34 Abutilon grandifolium Puu Huluhulu, pasture border near the escarpment transect (T16) Preserved_Specimen Common Shrub 6 ft. height Takeuchi, W.N. 5717 Hawaii BISH 1989-12-26
35 Abutilon grandifolium Kahana, base of ridge trail starting at abandoned Mormon church and cemetary on the Kawa side, near old hous Preserved_Specimen shrub ~6' with yellow flowers and brown colored fruit Herat, T. 192 Oahu BISH 1972-08-18
36 Abutilon grandifolium East Maui, Auwahi Preserved_Specimen Small tree 15 ft. tall. Rock, J.F.C. 27041 Maui BISH 1953-02-25
37 Abutilon grandifolium Kokee Road, 2.7 mi above Kekaha Preserved_Specimen 65 cm tall. Stems, peduncles and pedicels covered with stiff yellowish-white shiny hairs. Flowers orange-yellow; capsules black and ten-parted. Wood, K.R. 51 Kauai BISH 1987-10-01
38 Abutilon grandifolium Kiekie, 0.5 mi E, thicket in gulch Preserved_Specimen 2 m tall, flower orange-yellow St.John, H. 22753 Niihau BISH 1947-08-12
39 Abutilon grandifolium Puu Huluhulu, pasture border near the escarpment transect (T16) Preserved_Specimen Common Shrub 6 ft. height Takeuchi, W.N. 5717 Hawaii BISH 1989-12-26
40 Abutilon grandifolium North Kona: Kiholo On lava flows. Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 25714 Hawaii BISH 1957-03-14
41 Abutilon grandifolium Puuwaawaa; open rangeland with native canopy relicts. Near the SE corner of the 1986 burn Preserved_Specimen Common shrub of open areas. Takeuchi, W.N. 5786 Hawaii BISH 1989-05-01
42 Abutilon grandifolium Makaha sand Preserved_Specimen Grant, M.L. 7323 Oahu BISH 1934-09-01
43 Abutilon grandifolium Honolulu, Foster Garden Preserved_Specimen Leaves hairy, gray-green, lighter colored on the lower surface; flowers aggregated into terminal heads, petals yellow, pistils modified and reduced. Ellshoff, Z.E. Oahu BISH 1989-10-01
44 Abutilon grandifolium Road from Waikane to Punalou Preserved_Specimen Shrub 2 m. Leaves light green. Flowers light orange van Royen, P. Oahu BISH 1970-05-01
45 Abutilon grandifolium Honolulu; Next to community garden next to Ala Wai School Preserved_Specimen Tree 25 m high; flwr pale orange; double trunk ca. 8 cm. diam.; frts black. Whistler, W.A. Oahu BISH 1995-04-25
46 Abutilon grandifolium Waianae Mts., Palehua Rd Preserved_Specimen Krajina, V.J. 611029065 Oahu BISH 1961-10-29
47 Abutilon grandifolium unknown Preserved_Specimen Presumably an introduced weed. Hochreutiner, B.P.G. 11085 BISH
48 Abutilon grandifolium East Maui, Hana District: Coastal pasture lands SE of Kauiki from Kaihalulu Bay to Ka Iwi O Pele Preserved_Specimen Large herb of five ft. Leaves dark green above, grey green below. Petals orange-yellow, filaments same, stamens yellow. Flynn, T.W. 2549 Maui BISH 1987-10-22
49 Abutilon grandifolium Kipukai Preserved_Specimen Alexander, A.M. 5342 Kauai BISH 1948-04-30
50 Abutilon grandifolium Papawai Point Preserved_Specimen Woolford, H.A. 82 Maui BISH 1955-12-18
51 Abutilon grandifolium Kawainui Marsh. At site of former Kailua Nursery; Pali Hwy at Quarry Road Preserved_Specimen Smith, L. 130 Oahu BISH 1976-06-22
52 Abutilon grandifolium W Maui, Kahakuloa; Hulu Island Preserved_Specimen Kepler, A.K. 28 Maui BISH 1981-08-20
53 Abutilon grandifolium Oahu Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 6060 Oahu BISH 1929-01-01
54 Abutilon grandifolium Honolulu, Manoa Valley Preserved_Specimen Sideris, J. 10912 Oahu BISH 1931-11-23
55 Abutilon grandifolium Makaha Towers, E branch at head Preserved_Specimen Russ, G.W. Oahu BISH 1933-03-01
56 Abutilon grandifolium Oahu Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. Oahu BISH
57 Abutilon grandifolium Kailua Preserved_Specimen Meebold, A. Oahu BISH 1932-06-01
58 Abutilon grandifolium Tantalus Preserved_Specimen Yoshinaga, E.K. Oahu BISH 1929-12-29
59 Abutilon grandifolium New Bingham Tract Preserved_Specimen Forbes, A. Oahu BISH 1930-07-21
60 Abutilon grandifolium Honolulu Preserved_Specimen Brown, F.B.H. Oahu BISH 1920-10-13
61 Abutilon grandifolium Honolulu Preserved_Specimen Caum, E.L. Oahu BISH 1930-04-03
62 Abutilon grandifolium Moanalua Valley Preserved_Specimen Bryan, W.A. Oahu BISH 1903-12-13
63 Abutilon grandifolium S half Preserved_Specimen Stokes, J.F.G. Niihau BISH 1912-01-01
64 Abutilon grandifolium Waimanalo Preserved_Specimen Livermore, K. Oahu BISH 1933-06-01
65 Abutilon grandifolium Kalihi-Nuuanu Ridge, above Kamehameha School dairy Preserved_Specimen Bryan Jr., E.H. Oahu BISH 1921-10-28
66 Abutilon grandifolium Hauula Preserved_Specimen 32 Oahu BISH 1908-09-05
67 Abutilon grandifolium Oahu Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Oahu BISH
68 Abutilon grandifolium PTBG, Lawai Valley moist, open areas Preserved_Specimen shrub to 6', with dark yellow flowers Herbst, D.R. 2314 Kauai BISH 1972-01-07
69 Abutilon grandifolium Honolulu, King St. near Manoa-Palolo Stream vacant lot, with Sida rhombifolia Preserved_Specimen Flowers orange. Calyx with edges protruding, not smoothly valvate. Nagata, K.M. 958 Oahu BISH 1972-04-01
70 Abutilon grandifolium Mokuleia, N Waianae Mts, Kealia Trail dry forest; with Leucaena leucocephala, Panicum maximum Preserved_Specimen to 2 m shrub, petals yellow Ray, G. 3 Oahu BISH 1997-05-27
71 Abutilon grandifolium Lehua Rock weathered cinder cone with scattered to dense vegetation; Pluchea indica the dominant shrub with herb layer a mixure of native (Jacquemontia, Sicyos, Panicum, Waltheria and alien species (Cenchrus, Gnaphalium, Ageratum, Sonchus). Dry crevices S side Preserved_Specimen Shrub 4'; leaves dark dull green above, paler below with whitish-green raised veins; petals orange, crepey Flynn, T.W. 4849 Lehua Rock BISH 1992-01-10
72 Abutilon grandifolium Niu Valley, mauka of Anolani St. subdivision slopes dominated by haole koa Preserved_Specimen 6' shrub Takeuchi, W.N. 1913 Oahu BISH 1985-01-12
73 Abutilon grandifolium Honolulu, 908 Kamilonui Road untrimmed hedge in full sun Preserved_Specimen Rounded shrub of 2 m. Flowers canary yellow to orange, odorless (morning) Lau, J. 1854 Oahu BISH 1986-01-13
74 Abutilon grandifolium Kailua, Koolaupoko moist plain, roadside Preserved_Specimen Baker, R.J. 175 Oahu BISH 1932-07-20
75 Abutilon grandifolium Kaa Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 668 Lanai BISH 1918-03-01
76 Abutilon grandifolium Former Naval Air Station Barbers Point, Southern Trap & Skeet Range In Prosopis-Leucaena woodland, under Leucaena leucocephala. With Asystasia gangetica and Prosopis pallida. Soil mulchy with Leucaena leaves, heavily laiden with limestone gravel and cobble. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 60 cm tall. BISH staff 84 Oahu BISH 2021-05-17
77 Abutilon grandifolium Lehua Rock gulch. With Pluchea odorata, Solanum nigrum, and Cyperus polystachyos Preserved_Specimen Shrub 3'. Flowers yellow-orange Carlquist, S. 2258 Lehua Rock BISH 1966-09-09
78 Abutilon grandifolium Makiki Valley arid sunny roadside Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 1900 Oahu BISH 1925-09-05
79 Abutilon grandifolium Gulch behind Beck's Cove on eastern side of island, growing on side of dry streambed Growing on side of dry streambed beneath dense cover of Prosopis pallida trees. Preserved_Specimen Flowers yellow-orange. Cuddihy, L.W. 392 Kahoolawe BISH 1980-04-23
80 Abutilon grandifolium Waimea District. Polihale State Park, off Lower Saki Mana Road, across from Camping Area 4 Coastal Strand With Myoporum, Leucaena leucocephala, Scaevola taccada, Prosopis pallida, Megathyrsus maximus, Cenchrus, Stachytarpheta. Preserved_Specimen 6 feet tall with leaf mines. Don’t look like Philodoria, perhaps a fly. Small blotch mines. Flowers orange, seed pods hard, hairs on all parts. Tangalin, N. 3731 Kauai BISH 2014-03-14
81 Abutilon grandifolium Central Molokai, Puu Luahine, beginning of open field along road to Waikolu Valley Lookout Growing rather restricted area near fence w/Sida-Waltheria-Solanum-Rhynchelytrum. Preserved_Specimen Small shrub to 3 ft. tall. Leaves ovate; pointed at tips; upper surface tomentose; margins serrate. Flowers orange. Fruits a 10 chambered capsule. Spence, G. 109 Molokai BISH 1972-11-27
82 Abutilon grandifolium Ulupalakaua, Makawao In Lantana pasture. Occasional. Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1702 Maui BISH 1937-01-20
83 Abutilon grandifolium Lihue roadside Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 474 Kauai BISH 1916-10-04
84 Abutilon grandifolium Kailua roadside Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 6058 Oahu BISH 1926-10-31
85 Abutilon grandifolium Hanapepe River near pumping station behind town Dry abandoned pasture. Preserved_Specimen Leaves ovate; tips acuminute; margins serrate; top surface tomentose. Flowers orange. Capsules 10 chambered. Spence, G. 183 Kauai BISH 1973-07-24
86 Abutilon grandifolium Puuwaawaa Fountain grass, a`a. Associated species: banana poka. Preserved_Specimen Montgomery, S.L. 14 Hawaii BISH 1971-07-02
87 Abutilon grandifolium Highway 44, along, just past Keomuku settlement Growing under Kiawe thickets. Preserved_Specimen Shrub to 2 m. tall. Leaves ovate; acuminate at tips; margins serrate; tomentose below. Corolla orange, small. Capsules w/10 chambers. Spence, G. 356 Lanai BISH 1973-10-23
88 Abutilon grandifolium Varsity Circle, below UH campus roadside Preserved_Specimen shrub 1 m. Stone, B.C. 3637 Oahu BISH 1961-09-10
89 Abutilon grandifolium Gulch behind Beck's Cove on eastern side of island, growing on side of dry streambed Growing on side of dry streambed beneath dense cover of Prosopis pallida trees. Preserved_Specimen Flowers yellow-orange. Cuddihy, L.W. 392 Kahoolawe BISH 1980-04-23
90 Abutilon grandifolium Northern extremity of a tamarisk windbreak Hardpan soil. Preserved_Specimen Large shrub. Warren, S. 932 Kahoolawe BISH 1993-03-29
91 Abutilon grandifolium Honolulu, Kaimuki Int. School, 18th and Kilauea Ave between mauka end and sidewalk Preserved_Specimen Shrub ~7-8', with slender, slightly arching branches; leaves medium green, softly hairy; flowers bright yellow Herbst, D.R. 9216 Oahu BISH 1989-12-31
92 Abutilon grandifolium Lualualei, below Kanehoa, valleys 2-4 open place in gully Preserved_Specimen shrub Christophersen, E. 3676 Oahu BISH 1932-06-01
93 Abutilon grandifolium Hamakua District; Honokaa Sugar Co At edge of cane in weedy area. Scattered colonies. Preserved_Specimen Erect annual 3-6 ft. tall. Corolla chrome yellow. Tomich, P.Q. 907 Hawaii BISH 1960-03-14
94 Abutilon grandifolium Along coastal and inland trail in Puuhonua o Honaunau National Historical Park Predominantly exotic vegetation. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 1 1/2 m. tall. Higashino, P.K. 10219 Hawaii BISH 1984-04-07
95 Abutilon grandifolium Honolulu, Kalihi St roadside Preserved_Specimen Grant, M.L. 7357 Oahu BISH 1934-09-16
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